Determination of lubricating film thickness for permeable hydrogel and non-permeable polyurethane layers bonded to a rigid substrate with particular reference to cushion form hip joint replacements.

Abstract

The lubricating film thickness in a model of compliant layered bearings, using both permeable hydrogels and non-permeable polyurethane elastomers for total hip joint replacements, has been measured using optical interferometry, under both entraining and squeeze-film motion. The film thickness in the lubricated contact was measured for both water and a 40 per cent glycerol solution in water as a function of entraining velocity and squeeze-film time. The measured lubricating film thickness for the permeable hydrogel was compared to that of the non-permeable polyurethane elastomer and little difference was found when the lubricating film thickness was sufficiently large (greater than 150 nm). Comparison of the experimental results and the theoretical predictions based upon elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis showed good agreement in the entraining experiments where the film thickness was greater than 150 nm. In the squeeze-film experiments the experimental measurements were greater than the theoretical predictions for all squeeze times due to the formation of a central pocket of fluid which was not predicted by the simple theory used. This also occurred for the hydrogels for films greater than 150 nm. For longer squeeze times the film thickness for the hydrogel fell below the theoretical prediction. This was considered to be due to the permeability of the hydrogel reducing the film thickness when the film thickness was less than 150 nm. The permeability of the hydrogel was not modelled in the theoretical lubrication analysis used in this study.