Abstract
The load equivalency factors for pavement design currently in use by the Hungarian standard have been developed using Weigh-in-Motion data obtained during the first few years of operations after installing some 30 measuring sites in Hungary in 1996. In the past years, and currently, data is collected mainly at the border crossings of the country, however the data is used only for law enforcement purposes, and no comprehensive statistical analyses have been done. To develop actual load equivalency factors for the use in pavement design, data of one year was collected and statistical methods were applied. An algorithm was used to help managing the multimodal distribution of axle loads in mathematical perspectives. Monte-Carlo methods were applied to determine the factors for each heavy vehicle type and eventually for each vehicle class used by the current Hungarian pavement design manual. The calculated factors are considerably different from the current ones, indicating that the pavement design may lead to a false result. Furthermore, there are three vehicle types suggested to be incorporated into the standard due to their high occurrence.
Highlights
The development of technologies to weigh vehicles, and later individual axles, in motion started in the USA in the 1950s
Guidelines and specifications of WIM sites were assessed in the COST 323: Weigh-in-Motion of Road Vehicles action between 1992–1999, which aimed at unifying the technological aspects of the technology across Europe
Load equivalency factors (LEFs) calculated for heavier vehicle classes than “C” are higher than the previous values provided by the standard, which shows that the level of logistics has improved, as operational costs of such vehicles is considerably higher
Summary
The development of technologies to weigh vehicles, and later individual axles, in motion started in the USA in the 1950s. OBrien et al 2013), pavement design and especially in law enforcement (excess weight control, fining), lead to a fast worldwide spread of WIM sites and the further development of the measuring technologies with regard to accuracy at high speeds, durability, filtering and quality assurance of the data acquired. Guidelines and specifications of WIM sites were assessed in the COST 323: Weigh-in-Motion of Road Vehicles action between 1992–1999, which aimed at unifying the technological aspects of the technology across Europe. A part of the further research proposed by COST 323 was conducted in the European research WAVE (Weigh-in-Motion of Axles and Vehicles for Europe), involving algorithms to increase accuracy and data filtering, and the development of a new, carbon fibre weighing technology. In 1996, with the financial support of the World Bank there were some 30 WIM sites installed in Hungary, which are still in use and data is continuously collected and stored, only used for law enforcement purposes
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