Abstract
Based on the development of the theory of reactive power and distortion power, starting with the works of Fryze and Budeanu, it has been found that the contradictions in the definition of the components of inactive powers are caused by errors in the introduced intermediate concepts and corresponding calculations when switching to nonlinear and non-sinusoidal AC circuits. The materials of the works of modern researchers and the numerical calculations carried out made it possible to trace the differences between reactive power and distortion power, to confirm the orthogonality properties of the active, reactive power, and distortion power components. The paper defines the conditions for achieving a power balance in an AC network with nonlinear loads, compiled and tested criteria leading to the absence of distortion power in a single-phase AC network. Using the time base of the projection of the generalized vectors in vector diagrams, it is shown that compliance with the criteria for the absence of distortion power does not determine the mutual similarity of the voltage curve with the current curve for a nonlinear load. It has been found that the well-known term “distortion power” has an unfortunate wording, since this power, although it characterizes the interaction of harmonics of currents and voltages with different ordinal numbers, is not determined by the visual similarity or the degree of distortion of the load current waveforms relative to the supply voltage curve.
Highlights
Introduction with regard to jurisdictional claims inAt the initial stage of the power theory development, known since the beginning of the
Faculty of Mechatronics and Automation, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20, Karla Marksa Ave., Department of Materials Science, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenina Ave., 634050 Tomsk, Russia; Department of Low Temperature Engineering, Moscow Polytechnic University, 33, B
In practice, expression (2) is not true for all measured modes of operation of consumers in the alternating current network; Why distortion power D can occur in conditions when the load current curve is similar to the supply voltage curve and vice versa; D = 0 provided that the load current curve is clearly distorted relative to the supply voltage curve; The answer to the first question is determined, first of all, by the reasons that violate the property of harmonics orthogonality (12)
Summary
At the initial stage of the power theory development, known since the beginning of the. Instead of instantaneous values of sinusoidal voltages u(t) and currents i (t), for the convenience of analysis and calculations in the well-known symbolic method, it is proposed to use their effective values U and I The product of these values U · I determines the total or apparent power S = U · I. In the scientific literature [3,4], this circumstance is explained by the appearance of another component of inactive power, which is known as the power of D distortions Such view is not supported by all researchers and, to this day, it causes controversy about the correct definition of the combination of Q∑ and D, and their delineation taking into account higher harmonics. For about 100 years, discussions have continued on the definition of the terminology for components Q∑ and D, their calculation, and the correct interpretation of their physical nature [4,5,6,7]
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