Abstract
Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. is a valuable medicinal plant owing to source of many bioactive compounds. Hypericin is one of the significant components among these compounds. The aim of this study was to develope an efficient method allowing to improve hypericin production from calli and cell suspension cultures of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. Callus formation was obtained from axenic leaf explants grown in Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts supplemented with 1 mg l -1 6-benzyl adenine (BA) and 2 mg l -1 α-naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg l -1 (BA) + 0.4 mg l -1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Growth medium of cell suspension culture was the same with callus medium but devoid of agar. The increase of biomass in cell suspension culture was obtained between 6.31-6.28 fold compared to the first day of culture, on the 20 th day. We assayed hypericin content in methanolic extracts of calli and cell suspension cultures of H. triquetrifolium Turra. Hypericin contents of the samples were measured at 589 nm by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Analysis of hypericin contents showed that levels found in callus were 0.0527 and 0.0485 mg g -1 , while in cell suspension cultures these rates were 0. 0018 and 0.0016 mg g -1 , suggesting that the accumulation of this compound in cell suspension needs further modifications.
Highlights
The genus Hypericum belongs to the Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) family which encompasses approximately 460 species accommodate in 36 sections throughout the world [1]
Calli grown in medium containing 1 mg l-1 benzyl adenine (BA) and 2 mg l-1 naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) was green, friable and more rapid in terms of growth (Fig. 3b)
The calli grown in medium containing 1 mg l-1 BA and 0.4 mg l-1 2,4-D was yellowish, rapid and friable
Summary
The genus Hypericum belongs to the Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) family which encompasses approximately 460 species accommodate in 36 sections throughout the world [1]. The genus Hypericum includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody, shrubs and small trees. H. triquetrifolium Turra., which is important plant of Hypericum genus, widespread in warm–temperate areas throughout the world and well represented in the Mediterranean and in the Near East area. H. triquetrifolium is a herbaceous perennial plant, and it usually grows on dry stony or sandy places [2]. Hypericum species carry secretory structures in above-ground organs [4,5], which are sites of synthesis and accumulation of biologically active substances [6,7], primarily hypericin, pseudohypericin and their derivates protohypericin and protopseudohypericin [8]. Hypericin and pseudohypericin, which are the basic chemicals of Hypericum extracts, are formed in sepals, petals, and stamens of Hypericum species[9,10,11], and these compounds have photodynamic, antiviral, antibacterial, antidepressant and antitumoral activities [12,13]
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