Determination of human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors in patient serum using free solution capillary zone electrophoresis

Abstract

The goal of this study was to develop a fast, inexpensive and quantitative method for serum determination of the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors Crixivan (C), Viracept (V), Invirase (I) or Fortovase (F), and Norvir (N), using common conditions for isolation and analysis. The best separation procedure developed thus far involves uncoated silica capillary and a buffer containing formic acid and acetonitrile. This procedure allows us to analyze three drugs (C, V and I or F) in 15 min. Norvir requires different analytical conditions. These four drugs are isolated from patient sera with a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane. Sensitivity of the capillary zone electrophoresis protocols is sufficient for the detection of these pharmacological agents at the lowest clinically relevant concentrations (0.1 μg/ml).