Abstract
A method has been developed for the detection of a mixture of morphine, codeine, 6-acetyl morphine (6-AM) and normorphine using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The method utilized urinary 6-AM as a diagnostic indicator of heroin abuse because it is not a product of either morphine or codeine metabolism. The electrophoretic separation was achieved using an uncoated (50 μm I.D.) fused-silica capillary, 77 cm long, containing the detector window 10.0 cm from the outlet end. The running buffer (pH 6.0) contained 50 mM sodium phosphate and 0.015 M β-cyclodextrins (β-CD). The samples were first extracted using a mixed-mode solid-phase extraction procedure and then analyzed by CZE. The UV absorbance detection was monitored at 214 nm. It has been found that β-CDs can improve separation efficiency due to their hydrophobic cavity. The effect of the concentration of β-CD and pH was also evaluated. The application of electrokinetic injection with field amplified sample stacking results in low detection limits (40 ng/ml for each analyte) and the method has good reproducibility, precision, accuracy, and high recovery.
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