Abstract
An electrochemical sensor based on graphite electrode extracted from waste zinc-carbon battery is developed. The graphite electrode was modified with bismuth nanoparticles (BiNP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Nafion via the drop coating method. The bare and modified graphite electrodes were used as the working electrode in anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of trace amounts of cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+). The modified electrode exhibited excellent electroanalytical performance for heavy metal detection in comparison with the bare graphite electrode. The linear concentration range from 5 parts per billion (ppb) to 1000 ppb (R2 = 0.996), as well as detection limits of 1.06 ppb for Cd2+ and 0.72 ppb for Pb2+ were obtained at optimized experimental conditions and parameters. The sensor was successfully utilized for the quantification of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in herbal food supplement samples with good agreement to the results obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Thus, the BiNP/MWCNT/Nafion modified graphite electrode is a cost-effective and environment-friendly sensor for monitoring heavy metal contamination.
Highlights
An electrochemical sensor based on graphite electrode extracted from waste zinc-carbon battery is developed
The sensor was successfully utilized for the quantification of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in herbal food supplement samples with good agreement to the results obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy
Graphite rods from waste zinc-carbon batteries were modified with bismuth, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and Nafion and were successfully used to detect cadmium and lead ions via anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV)
Summary
An electrochemical sensor based on graphite electrode extracted from waste zinc-carbon battery is developed. Due to the adverse effects of heavy metals on human health and on the environment, the determination of heavy metals has attracted considerable attention in recent years[4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17] Analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry, laser-induced plasma spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, colorimetric analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography[18,19,20,21,22], and electrochemical methods such as anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) have been developed to detect trace amounts of heavy metals in samples[23,24,25,26]. It is important to determine possible heavy metal contamination in HFS
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