Abstract
Background.In recent years, mitigation of groundwater contamination resulting from the limited availability of freshwater for domestic use has become an important issue. The presence of heavy metals in water could have adverse effects on both plant and animal life.Objectives.The main objective of the present study was to determine possible heavy metal contamination in groundwater around Al-Buraihi sewage station in Taiz, Yemen and to understand possible sources of contamination and their relationships with groundwater.Methods.Wastewater samples were collected from a wastewater stabilization pond from Al-Buraihi sewage station and borewell water samples were collected from the vicinity. The presence of heavy metals was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Pearson correlation test was performed to understand the relationship between wastewater and groundwater samples.Results.Physical variables including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature and elements such as silver (Ag), arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), molybdenum, nickel (Ni), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) exceeded the permissible limits recommended by international standards in wastewater samples.Conclusions.Treated sewage wastewater in the study area is not suitable for irrigation as the elements/heavy metals are accumulated in soil and plants and may be accumulated in humans and animals through bio-accumulation. In addition, these heavy metals reach the water table and aquifers through percolation, thereby polluting groundwater.Competing Interests.The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Highlights
The multiparty war in Yemen has continued for the past six years, affecting millions of people.[1]
Wastewater and borewell water samples were subjected to ICPOES analysis
The results were compared with the water quality standards obtained from World Health Organization (WHO),[29] Yemen Standardization, Metrology and Quality Control Organization (YSMO),[30] Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA),[31] and Indian Standard for Drinking Water as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications (IS 10500-2012).[32]
Summary
The multiparty war in Yemen has continued for the past six years, affecting millions of people.[1]. The presence of heavy metals in water could have adverse effects on both plant and animal life. The main objective of the present study was to determine possible heavy metal contamination in groundwater around Al-Buraihi sewage station in Taiz, Yemen and to understand possible sources of contamination and their relationships with groundwater. Treated sewage wastewater in the study area is not suitable for irrigation as the elements/heavy metals are accumulated in soil and plants and may be accumulated in humans and animals through bio-accumulation. These heavy metals reach the water table and aquifers through percolation, thereby polluting groundwater. Accepted April 6, 2021 J Health Pollution 30: (210604) 2021 © Pure Earth
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