Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of some heavy metal in fish (Clarias gariepinus) and water samples collected from White Nile at Gezira Aba. Heavy metals in fish and water samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in accordance to standard analytical method. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA) to find out the significant difference of heavy metals in water body throughout the sampling period and in each organ of the sampled fish. The obtained results showed the average values Fe, Pb, Co, Cd in water samples were higher than WHO guide line limit for fresh water. The analysis of heavy metal in fish organs indicated that among eight heavy metals tested, Fe showed the highest concentration followed by Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Cr. Results also showed that accumulation of heavy metals differed in the organs. Gill recorded high level of heavy metals followed by kidney, while liver contain lower level. It was concluded that levels of heavy metal in fish organs showed high concentration of detected heavy metals, while water samples give low heavy metals concentration. This implies that, the fish sample can be used to monitor heavy metals pollution level in the White Nile River. More safe and economic methods for elimination of heavy metals from contaminated waters are needed and continuous assessment of the level of pollution of Nile water and fish with heavy metals is also necessary.
Highlights
The pollution of aquatic environment with heavy metal has been a worldwide problem during the recent years because they are indestructible and most of them have toxic effect to organism [1]
Results of heavy metal concentrations in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and water White Nile at the three different sites were presented in Tables 1, 2 and graphically presented by Figures 6, 7
The accumulation of heavy metal in gill fish organs of Clarias gariepinus were 0.054 ± 0.003, 0.379 ± 0.012, 0.171 ± 0.007, 0.135 ± 0.003, 1.300 ± 0.004, 0.297 ± 0.003, 0.126 ± 0.003 and 0.0027 ± 0.0003 respectively were less than world health organizations (WHO) international standard
Summary
The pollution of aquatic environment with heavy metal has been a worldwide problem during the recent years because they are indestructible and most of them have toxic effect to organism [1]. Heavy metals with high relative atomic weight are toxic at low concentration, they do not degrade or do not destroyed or generally they do not break down into less harmful constituents, but accumulate where they are released [3]. Pollution of the aquatic environment by in organic chemical and heavy metals is a major threat to human health and to aquatic organisms [5]. They enter to the aquatic systems from different natural and human activities sources, including industrial or domestic wastewater, application of pesticides and in organic fertilizers, leaching from landfills, shipping and harbor activities and atmospheric deposits and geological weathering of the earth crust [6].
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