Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of some toxic heavy metals such as (Cd, Pb,Cr,Ni,Zn,Cu,Fe,Co,As)by using the X-Ray fluorescence .in a total of forty-one samples of wheat grains which were (local, American, Australian, Canadian and mixing mills) samples collected randomly and seasonally from three silos in Baghdad ,also wheat flour collected from mills related to the manufactured of grains of each silo. The results showed that the levels of (Cadmium, Lead and Chromium) were surpassed the permissible safe limits according to FAO/WHO (2001).It was found that the highest concentration of cadmium detected in wheat flour in AL Dora silo for summer and spring seasons were 12.6mg/kg, as well as the high level of lead 1.021mg/kg detected in AL Dora silo in local wheat for winter and summer seasons and wheat flour for spring season, also in Australian wheat for spring season in Taji silo. Finally, the high value of chromium content was in wheat flour in Taji silo for spring season (4.686) mg/kg. Generally, analysis of these data shows significant effects (P≤0.05) of most samples analyzed for Cd >Pb >Fe >Zn >Cu >Ni >Cr >Co while AS show no significant difference in all samples.
Highlights
Wheat is one of the most common staple food crops for more than one-third of the world’s population, it provides on average one-fifth of the total calorific input of the world’s population (4)
As for the mills belonging to the General Company for the manufacture of grain, the stores were fairly clean and the flour material was supplying after grinding immediately.For each sampling one kg. of wheat grain and flour were put into sterile polyethylene bags and seal properly, amount from each sample discrete and divided into two parts which preserved in a sterile plastic containers, to estimate the chemical properties
0.2mg/kg by FAO/WHO 2001 codex alimentarius commission(11).Statistical analysis revealed (Tabl11)that the means differed significantly at probability (P≤0.05) in the levels of Cd content in all samples analyzed of wheat grains and wheat flour in three silos for three seasons, high significant differed was observed in Al Dora silo for spring season which was (3.52*) and within the same sample of wheat flour LSD value was
Summary
Wheat is one of the most common staple food crops for more than one-third of the world’s population, it provides on average one-fifth of the total calorific input of the world’s population (4).
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