Determination of Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Different Types of Fish Samples Collected from Four Different Locations of Aegean and Marmara Sea

Tufan Topal,Canan Onac

doi:10.1155/2020/8101532

Abstract

Heavy metals and pollutants cause serious damage to the ecological environment and accumulate in marine species in the seas. These pollutants and heavy metals accumulating in living species are a serious source of danger for human health. For this purpose, in this study, heavy metal (lead, mercury, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, silver, manganese, and nickel) and pesticide (p-p′-DDE, α-BHC, endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, endrin, aldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, methoxychlor, p-p′-DDD, p-p′-DDT, β-BHC, cypermethrin, and dieldrin) analyses of four different fish species (Pomatomus saltatrix, Dicentrarchus labrax, Mugil cephalus, and Sparus aurata) collected from the Aegean and Marmara seas were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. We observed serious and remarkable arsenic, lead, and cadmium concentrations in the muscle meat of fish sample. p-p′-DDE and endosulfan were determined in every fish sample of each region. Heptachlor concentration was determined as 0.0598 μg/g in Dicentrarchus labrax sample from Marmara Sea, which is nearly nine thousand times more than the maximum allowable concentration of environmental quality standards biota of heptachlor listed in 2013/39/EU. The results show an indication of the significant health risks associated with the consumption of these contaminated fish in the Aegean and Marmara seas. In the Turkish food codex and in the 2013/39/EU directive, some heavy metals that do not have the maximum allowable concentration limits should be urgently indicated.

Highlights

Today, with an ever-rapidly increasing human population increases their consumption needs
We studied the residues of these pesticides and α-BHC, β-BHC, p-p′DDE, and methoxychlor that appears predominantly in the fish liver, in Pomatomus saltatrix, Dicentrarchus labrax, Mugil cephalus, and Sparus aurata from four different regions of Turkey
We carried out the analysis of some heavy metals and pesticides that create a danger to the ecological system and human health in four different fish samples obtained from the Aegean and Marmara Seas

Summary

Introduction

With an ever-rapidly increasing human population increases their consumption needs. To make life more standardized, and to increase production and productivity, application of widespread and unconscious use of chemicals cause direct environmental damage, as air, soil, and water pollution, degrading plant and animal health and existence [1, 2]. Among these chemicals, pesticides are used extensively in the fields of agriculture, public health, environmental health, and veterinary medicine [3]. Pesticides are taken through organism by aquatic organisms such as epidermis, gill epithelium, and digestive system Each of these chemical substances passes through a number of biological membranes until they are assimilated in the body [6]. Small molecule and fat-soluble substances are taken by passive diffusion that does not require energy use to the organism

Methods

Results

Conclusion