Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the heavy metals accumulation in the stems, leaves and roots of Lactuca sativa (Lettuce) and Spinacia oleracea (Spinach). Pot experiment was conducted to examine the phytoextraction ability of these plants for some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) in contaminated soils obtained from an area where indiscriminate burning of waste materials is being carried out beside FCE Katsina. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the determination of heavy metals concentrations. The mean levels of metals accumulation evaluated in Lactuca sativa show a higher amount of Fe (47.97 mg/kg) with the lowest amount of Pb (0.44 mg/kg) which follows the order Fe>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb. Similarly, Spinacia oleracea followed the trend where higher amount of Fe (24.13 mg/kg) with lower Cd (0.25 mg/kg) content was detected, which follows Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was
Highlights
Soils may become contaminated via the buildup of heavy metals and metalloids through emissions from the hastily expanding commercial areas, disposal of fairly poisonous metals wastes, mine tailings, paints and leaded gasoline, land application of fertilizers, sewage sludge, animal manures, pesticides, wastewater irrigation, coal combustion residues, atmospheric deposition and spillage of petrochemicals. Adriano (2003) reported that heavy metals are elements having densities more than 5 g/cm3 and are usually related to pollution and toxicity despite the fact that organisms demanded some of these metals at low concentrations
Heavy metals composed of an ill-defined group of dangerous chemicals, and those most commonly found at polluted soils are cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) (Zhang et al 2010)
This study was aimed to quantify the heavy metal (Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grown from soil contaminated by indiscriminate burning of waste materials beside FCE katsina to determine the possibility of using the plants for remediating the soil
Summary
Soils may become contaminated via the buildup of heavy metals and metalloids through emissions from the hastily expanding commercial areas, disposal of fairly poisonous metals wastes, mine tailings, paints and leaded gasoline, land application of fertilizers, sewage sludge, animal manures, pesticides, wastewater irrigation, coal combustion residues, atmospheric deposition and spillage of petrochemicals (khan et al 2008). Adriano (2003) reported that heavy metals are elements (metals and metalloids) having densities more than 5 g/cm and are usually related to pollution and toxicity despite the fact that organisms demanded some of these metals (essential metals) at low concentrations. Phytoremediation is an environmentally suitably, harmless and an inexpensive method used to remove contaminants from soils It is a cost-effective, long term environmentally and aesthetically pleasant technique for immobilizing and moving pollutants such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and pesticides without inflicting any disturbance (Zhang et al, 2010). Phytoextraction involves using plants to eliminate soil pollutants and relocate them to above-ground plant tissues (Ibrahim et al, 2013). This technique was proposed by Chaney (1983) as the most promising technique for the remediation of polluted soils. A plant used for FUDMA Journal of Sciences
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