Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used worldwide. Indeed, it is the herbicide most applied to all Mexican crops. Due to the overuse and poor disposal of the waste, this herbicide can reach the aquatic environments such as groundwater and surface water. Thus, there is a clear need to implement monitoring and surveillance programs for evaluating and controlling the exposure to this herbicide in rural populations. The goal of this study was to quantify the presence of glyphosate in different water bodies (groundwater, surface and drinking water) as well as to identify the uses and managements of water resources by rural communities to evaluate the potential human exposure to glyphosate in the Tenampulco region of the Mexican state of Puebla. Measurements were performed by a rapid and cost-effective ELISA-based method in groundwater and surface water from various sampling sites of the Tenampulco region. Glyphosate was detected in all groundwater samples to be below the maximum limit for glyphosate in water in Mexico. Nevertheless, these results indicate an exposure of glyphosate in these agricultural communities and the need to establish a monitoring program.
Highlights
As part of the systemic and broad-spectrum herbicides, glyphosate has the place of honor as the best-selling and most widely used herbicide globally [1]
The goal of this study was to quantify the presence of glyphosate in different water bodies as well as to identify the uses and management of water by the community inhabitants to evaluate the potential human exposure in a rural locality of Mexico
Tenampulco has an average height of 163 m above seaoflevel, rainfall from wells); amount of per glyphosate consumed for food and and amount of glyphosate absorbedofby31the exceeding
Summary
As part of the systemic and broad-spectrum herbicides, glyphosate has the place of honor as the best-selling and most widely used herbicide globally [1]. It is estimated that over 800 million kilograms are sold annually with a value of over $6.5 billions dollars and it is usually applied on average 2–4 kg/ha [2], mainly in genetically modified crops resistant to this pesticide, such as soybeans, cotton and corn, among others, to eliminate unwanted herbs; their use is common in native crops and gardening [3]. Glyphosate is usually applied by spraying [4], so that a high percentage is deposited directly on the soil [5,6]. Dispersion to other environmental compartments (water, plants and atmosphere) and the final destination will depend mainly on its interaction with the soil components [6]. Due to the extensive use and poor disposal of the waste, this herbicide is widely distributed in aquatic environments such as groundwater and surface water around the world; trace amounts have. Public Health 2020, 17, 7102; doi:10.3390/ijerph17197102 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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