Abstract
The free fatty acids (FFA) in palm oil were determined by flow injection titrimetric method using salicyladhyde-2,4-dinitrophenylphenylhydrazone (SDPH) as a new coloring reagent. The compound was synthesized and its structure was established using different spectroscopic data. It exhibited sensitive colour changes in basic medium and absorb at 482 nm. Single-line manifold using SDPH as indicator was developed. Flow injection operating parameters such as carrier, reagent concentration, flow rate, size of mixing chamber and injection volume were optimized. The method is recommended for the determination of oil samples with acidity degree (a.d.) higher than 0.5 a.d. Twelve oil samples were tested using the appropriate FIA manifold and the obtained results were compared to the standard PORIM method. Good correlation (r2 = 0.99) between the two methods was obtained.
Highlights
Palm oil is one of the major oils and fats produced and traded in the world today
The first group consists of fatty acid derivatives, such as partial glycerides, phosphatides, esters and sterols
The two-line manifold requires direct injection of oil samples resulting in good sample throughput, and consumes lesser amounts of reagent
Summary
Palm oil is one of the major oils and fats produced and traded in the world today. Malaysia is one of the largest producers in the world [1], accounting for 32.7% of the world oils and fats production in 2011 [2]. The major fatty acids (FFA) in palm oil are myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic. The first group consists of fatty acid derivatives, such as partial glycerides (mono- and diacyl glycerols), phosphatides, esters and sterols. The second group includes classes of compounds not related chemically to fatty acids called nonglyceride constituents. The non-glyceride fraction of palm oil consists of sterols, triterpene alcohols, tocopherols, phospholipids, chlorophylls, carotenoids volatile flavour components such as aldehydes and ketones. There are some hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, free sterols, tocopherols, pigments, partial glycerides and phosphatides, and trace metals [3]
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