Determination of Free Energy as Described by the New Axioms and Laws

Abstract

The present study uses Expanded Field Theory. It changes the Classic Field Theory to a much more general theory that consists of two new axioms and eight laws. The study decided to follow the advice of the great Einstein and to try changing the way of thinking. The article describes brand new field type through new axioms and laws. It was described from previous works of the same author: In this report is used only one (first) axiom and six laws. It is known that Maxwell’s laws (1864) are based on a single axiom [1]. It states that the movement in a closed loop leads to evenly movement (with constant speed) of a vector E: div rot E = 0. The author change this axiom with a new one, according which the movement in an open loop or vortex leads to unevenly movement (with variable speed) of a vector : div rot \(E \neq 0\) div Vor \(E \neq 0\) for vortex [2]. The evenly movement is replaced with unevenly movement which can be decelerating or accelerating; in there is a cross vortex and in there is a longitudinal vortex; the cross vortex in is transformed to a longitudinal vortex in through a transformation \(\Delta 1\) ; the longitudinal vortex in is transformed to a cross vortex in through another special transformation 42; decelerating vortex emits free cross vortices to the environment that are called "free energy"; accelerating vortex sucks the same ones free cross vortices and so on. External observers can see cross vortices because they reflect the sun's rays, while longitudinal vortices are invisible because they diffract (do not reflect) the sun's rays .The vector E is not a simple. It turns to be a complex vector: E = A + \(i V, E=V+1 \mathrm{~A} \text { or } E=-A-i V, E=-V-1 \mathrm{~A} .\) It can has or amplitude A , or velocity V as a real part. Cross vortices can form two kinds’ vortices: a vortex that is generated by amplitude A and the vortex that is generated by velocity V . Each of these may be accelerating or decelerating and both of them are generators. They are prototypes of material particles. The temperature drops due to the accelerating vortex sucking in cross vortices, while the temperature rises due to the decelerating field emitting cross vortices. Inside of the conductor the velocity of Electromagnetic field is constant ( v max = c ) . On the periphery it decelerates because of resistance to the wall of conductor. So an increase in the size of voltage leads only to an increase in the size of current but not to an increase in the velocity. This report offers a new type of field-accelerating field. It suck in free cross vortices that are called "free energy" from environment. The mechanism of Positive Feedback turns acceleration process to a generation process. There is a significant difference in the states of a bound electron and a free electron. For example scientists measure the mass of a free electron with a decelerating cross vortex (E2D-) inward, and can’t measure the mass of a connected electron with an accelerating cross vortex (E2D+) inward.