Abstract
Finite element method with a computer program SEEP/W were utilized to determine the "quantity" of flow through homogeneous earth dams with triangular toe filter. The effect of angle of upstream slope, angle of downstream slope, angle of toe filter, height of dam, crest width of dam, free board, length of toe filter and coefficient of permeability on the quantity of seepage were studied. The results show that, the seepage quantity decreased with increasing angle of toe filter, free board height and crest width of dam. Also, from the results can be concluded that, the flow quantity increased with increasing angle of "upstream slope", angle of "downstream slope" and length of toe filter. Using statistical analysis by a SPSS-19 program, a new empirical equation was suggested to estimate the quantity of seepage through earth dams with triangular toe filter.
Highlights
Earth dams are generally constructed from available (earth and rock) materials. Homogeneous earth dams constructed just from one type of materials
Earth dams are generally constructed from available materials
The upper line of seepage of water through earth dam is known as phreatic line
Summary
Earth dams are generally constructed from available (earth and rock) materials. Homogeneous earth dams constructed just from one type of materials. التسرب خلال السدود الترابية المتجانسة وفق منظومة تصريف مثلثة عند المقدمة الخلاصة Effect of Upstream Slope Angle (α) Figure (2), shows the relationship between the flow quantity (q) and angle of upstream slope (α) for different values of dam crest width (Cw) and angle of toe filter(θ).
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