Abstract
An accurate determination of evaporative fluxes is critical for efficient water management in semi-arid climates such as in the Canadian Prairies. The main achievements of this research are the design and operation of a bench-scale atmosphere simulator, performance evaluation using selected weather scenarios pertaining to regional atmospheric conditions, validation using established empirical correlations, and estimation of evaporation rates and the amount for a typical local water body. Results indicate that the measured data achieved the target values for the various parameters and the data were found to be stable during the 3-h test duration. The vapour flux was found to have large variation during summer (0.120 g∙s−1∙m−2 during the day and 0.047 g∙s−1∙m−2 at night), low variation during spring (0.116 g∙s−1∙m−2 during the day and 0.062 g∙s−1∙m−2 at night), and negligible change during fall (0.100 g∙s−1∙m−2 during the day and 0.076 g∙s−1∙m−2 at night). The measured vapour flux was generally within one standard deviation of the equality line when compared with that predicted by both the mass-transfer equations and the combination equations. The average evaporation ranged from 4 mm∙d−1 to 8 mm∙d−1 during the day and decreased to 1 mm∙d−1 to 3 mm∙d−1 at night. The 24-h evaporation was found to be 8 ± 1 mm∙d−1 from late April through late October. Likewise, the cumulative annual evaporation was found to be 1781 mm, of which 82% occurs during the day and 18% at night.
Highlights
Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Abstract: An accurate determination of evaporative fluxes is critical for efficient water management in semi-arid climates such as in the Canadian Prairies
Knowledge of evaporation is critical for efficient water management in semi-arid cli
This research focused on determining evaporative fluxes using a de novo bench-scale atmosphere simulator that captured the shortwave energy and spectral pattern of the sun.Amount
Summary
Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Abstract: An accurate determination of evaporative fluxes is critical for efficient water management in semi-arid climates such as in the Canadian Prairies. The measured vapour flux was generally within one standard deviation of the equality line when compared with that predicted by both the mass-transfer equations and the combination equations. Potential evaporation from open water bodies is a complex phenomenon because of the interactions between meteorological and physiological factors [1]. The net upward movement of vapour from an exposed water surface to the atmosphere depends on the interaction between atmospheric and surface parameters. The resulting empirical relationships for predicting potential evaporation require accurate field and/or laboratory measurements [6]. Field data is affected by spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric parameters and physiographic features and, as such, the resulting correlations are site-specific and assume constant climatic conditions [7]. There is a need to understand the phenomenon of evaporation from a fundamental perspective
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