Determination of estrogenic mycotoxins in environmental water samples by low-toxicity dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A novel, simple, rapid and eco-friendly method based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using a bromosolvent was developed to determine six estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol) in water samples by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the negative mode (LC–ESI–MS/MS). The optimal conditions for this method include the use of 100μL bromocyclohexane as an extraction solvent (using a non-dispersion solvent), 10mL of aqueous sample (adjusted to pH 4), a vortex extraction time of 2min, centrifugation for 10min at 3500rpm and no ionic strength adjustment. The calibration function was linear and was verified by applying the Mandel fitting test with a 95% confidence level. No matrix effect was observed. According to the relative standard deviations (RSDs), the precision was better than 13% for the repeatability and intermediate precision. The average recoveries of the spiked compounds ranged from 81 to 118%. The method limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) considering a 125-fold pre-concentration step were 4–20 and 8–40ngL−1, respectively. Next, the method was applied to the analysis of the environmental aqueous samples, demonstrating the presence of β-zearalanol and zearalanone in the river water samples.