Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have gained significant attention in photovoltaic research. Just within a few years, the efficiencies of perovskite-based solar cells have been improved significantly to over 20% which makes them comparably efficient to silicon-based solar cells. The reason for such high recorded efficiencies are due to perovskites ease of processing, a high carrier diffusion length, low exciton binding energy and high absorption coefficient. Theoretical calculations were carried out based on the detailed balanced model on some Tin Halide Perovskite absorbers. For CH3 NH3 SnI3 , results obtained for V oc, Joc , FF and n are 1.14V, 34.4 mA/cm 2, 0.725and 5.56% respectively. For CH3 NH3 SnIBr2 values obtained for Voc , J oc, FF are 1.37V, 24.03mA/cm2, 0.784 and 5.22% respectively. For CH3 NH3 SnI2 Br values obtained for Voc , Joc , FF are 1.38V, 20.04 mA/cm2, 0.810 and 4.69% Also for CH3 NH3 SnBr3 , results obtained for Voc , Joc , FF are 1.44V, 14.52mA/cm2, 0.881 and 3.21% respectively.
Highlights
Perovskite solar cells are presently considered leading hybrid solar cells materials due to their ease of fabrication, high solar absorption coefficient and low non-radiative carrier recombination rates (Amu, 2014), and the relative increase in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (CH3NH3PbI3) which has risen from as low as 3.6% to as high as 20% in just five years with yet a projected value of over 20% in the few years by experimentalist (Snaith et al, 2014).the presence of lead in the high efficiency perovskite halides such as (CH3NH3PbI3) is an impediment in the use of perovskite solar cells for most technological applications and as such a possible substitute for lead in the perovskite structure is sought
Amongst other element to be considered as substitute for lead in the perovskite structure, tin stands out as a suitable substitute, because tin has a similar s2 valence electronic configuration to lead, and similar ionic radius (Pb:119pm, Sn: 110pm), which makes it possible to form a perovskite with a basic formular (ABX3) in analogy to lead compounds (Chen et al, 2015)
Different authors have worked on perovskite solar cells as recorded in the literature
Summary
Perovskite solar cells are presently considered leading hybrid solar cells materials due to their ease of fabrication, high solar absorption coefficient and low non-radiative carrier recombination rates (Amu, 2014), and the relative increase in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (CH3NH3PbI3) which has risen from as low as 3.6% to as high as 20% in just five years with yet a projected value of over 20% in the few years by experimentalist (Snaith et al, 2014).the presence of lead in the high efficiency perovskite halides such as (CH3NH3PbI3) is an impediment in the use of perovskite solar cells for most technological applications and as such a possible substitute for lead in the perovskite structure is sought. Their result was able to show a direct relation between higher efficiencies and the device engineering of both the perovskite absorber layer and carrier transporting materials of the solar cell.
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