Determination of dynamic loads in the crane lifting mechanism

Abstract

Loading and unloading is an integral part of the technological process of construction. To perform these works mostly use cranes of different types.
 To ensure trouble-free operation and increase the reliability of cranes in the calculation of structures and components of their work equipment, it is important to take into account dynamic loads, which are several times higher than static loads.
 Elements of dynamic loads of the crane lifting mechanism are its elastic components - ropes and shafts, which are deformed under the action of loads. The magnitude of this deformation of the elements are taken into account by the coefficients of elasticity or flexibility of linear and torsional or their inverse value - the coefficients of rigidity. These coefficients depend on the linear or angular deformations, respectively.
 Due to the fact that the mechanism of lifting a load consists of a large number of elastic elements, the addition and solution of equations to determine these coefficients becomes a difficult task. In order to simplify the equations and these calculations, the paper recommends the above scheme of calculations according to which the rest of all elements of the mechanism are reduced to its first element (engine). This greatly simplifies the equations to be solved and determines the values ​​of the coefficients of elasticity or stiffness of the elements of the dynamic loads of the mechanism of lifting the load of cranes.
 According to a similar scheme is also determined by the moments of inertia of the mechanism of lifting the load during periods of acceleration and deceleration, the components of the values ​​that affect them. The equations for determining the terms of transients of the lifting mechanism (duration of acceleration and braking) are derived.
 The method of determining the coefficients of elasticity and stiffness of the elements of dynamic loads, moments of inertia, duration of acceleration and deceleration of the lifting mechanism can greatly simplify the solution of complex equations and determine their values ​​with sufficient accuracy.