Determination of dihydralazine based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer of hollow carbon nanodots

Abstract

The famous weak chemiluminescence (CL) system of potassium permanganate and sodium bisulfite (KMnO4-HSO3−) was enhanced by the hollow fluorescent carbon nanodots (HCNs). The investigation of mechanism revealed that the enhanced CL was induced by the excited-state HCNs (HCNs⁎), which could be produced from the electron-transfer annihilation of positively charged HCNs (HCNs+) and negatively charged HCNs (HCNs−) as well as by CL resonance energy transfer (CRET) from excited SO2 (SO2⁎)/1O2 to HCNs. The dihydralazine sulfate (DHZS) had a diminishing effect on the CL of HCNs-KMnO4-HSO3− system due to the competitive consumption of O2−. Under the optimal conditions, the reduced CL signal with the concentration of DHZS was linear in the range of 1.0×10−7–7.0×10−5mol/L with a detection limit of 3.0×10−8mol/L. The relative standard deviation for seven repeated determination of 5.0×10−6mol/L DHZS was 2.1%. The established method was applied to the determination of DHZS in pharmaceutical preparations, human urine and plasma samples with good precision and accuracy.