Determination of Demographic Liver Health with Giardia lambila Infection Analysis in Diyala

Abstract

Background: Giardia lamblia infection is known to affect liver function indicators, yet its correlation with demographic factors remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate this relationship, focusing on sex, age, and residence, to better understand the impact of the parasite on liver health. Objective: The objective was to assess the effect of Giardia lamblia infection on liver function indicators and its association with demographic variables such as sex, age, and residence. Method: Blood samples were collected from 48 Giardia-infected patients at Al-Batool Teaching Hospital and Shahraban General Hospital, with 20 healthy individuals serving as controls. Samples were obtained between February and May 2020. The age range of participants spanned from under two years to 12 years. The Giesse diagnostic kit from Italy was employed to measure liver function indicators. A colorimetric method was used to estimate the activity of aminotransferase enzymes (GOT and GPT) and phosphatase enzyme levels. Results: The study found the highest infection rate among 2-4-year-olds, with males exhibiting a higher infection rate compared to females (54.16% vs. 45.839%). Rural areas showed a higher infection rate (56.25%) compared to urban areas (43.75%). Infected children displayed increased levels of aminotransferase enzymes (GOT, GPT, and ALP) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Giardia lamblia infection correlates with elevated liver function indicators, particularly among children aged 2-4 years and males. Additionally, residence in rural areas appears to be a risk factor for higher infection rates. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and intervention strategies to mitigate the impact of Giardia lamblia on liver health, especially in vulnerable populations.