Abstract
This chapter describes clinical utility of polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) and X-chromosome inactivation pattern (XCIP) analyses in the determination of cell clonality in lymphoid and hematopoietic neoplasms of dogs and cats. PARR is especially useful for demonstrating the clonal nature of small lymphoid cells in indolent lymphomas of the lymph nodes, spleen, and intestine, as well as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Findings of PARR combined with those of cytological examinations of fine-needle aspiration specimens or body cavity fluids may be utilized to support the diagnosis. PARR analysis using endoscopically biopsied specimens has been utilized for the assessment of gastrointestinal diseases in cats. PARR may also be helpful in the diagnosis of nonlymphoid neoplastic diseases such as thymoma, where polyclonal results were detected in 92% of canine thymoma tissues. XCIP analysis will provide objective data to demonstrate the clonality of the cells of interest, leading to more accurate diagnoses.
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