Determination of chromium in foodstuffs by using novel adsorbent in vortex assisted-dispersive solid phase micro-extraction method: An application of multivariate techniques

Abstract

A new graft copolymer composed of polystyrene and polylinoleic acid (PLinas) with the sodium salt of iminodiacetate (Ida) was synthesized and used as an adsorbent. The vortex-assisted dispersive solid-phase micro-extraction (VA-dSPµE) method was used for the extraction and pre-concentration of chromium. Multivariate methodologies, such as factorial design and 3D surface plots, were applied for screening and optimizing effective extraction parameters. The influence of diverse analytical parameters, such as pH, sample volume, and interfering ions, on the extraction of chromium was studied. The calibration standard curve exhibited a linear range from 0.01 to 0.50 μg L−1. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection were found to be 1.65 % and 0.003 μg L−1, respectively. Extraction recoveries were found in the range of 96 to 99 % by using certified reference materials (CRMs). The adsorbent capacity of PLinas-Ida was found to be 112 mg g−1. The VA-dSPµE method demonstrated its effectiveness in the pre-concentration and determination of chromium within samples of foodstuffs by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS).