Abstract
This work deals with up-to-date optimization of cholesterol content determination when saponification and extraction procedures as well as HPLC conditions were studied. As found, optimal conditions for saponification process were identified by 15 min heating in the presence of 0.015 L of methanolic KOH solution with a concentration 1 mol/L with subsequent 0.015 L n-hexane–chloroform binary mixture (1:1, v/v) double extraction. HPLC separation consisted of isocratic elution with flow rate of 0.5 mL/min mobile phase composed of acetonitrile/methanol 60:40 (v/v) and stationary phase Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column 2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm particle size diameters with detector wavelength 205 nm. The method passed through in-house validation criteria and its suitability was verified by analysis of butter reference materials. In final, the average content of cholesterol content in butter was determined at 2271.0 mg/kg. Thus, the method is suitable for the determination of cholesterol content in butter and probably also in other dairy products.
Highlights
Dairy products are complex foods containing many essential components necessary for human health and full-body vitality
In addition to its essential roles in human health, elevated human plasma cholesterol content may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis; a maximum intake of cholesterol of 300 mg per day for adults has been recommended by professional associations [4]
The sample preparation for the cholesterol determination in dairy matrices consists of two crucial steps: the saponification and the extraction
Summary
Dairy products are complex foods containing many essential components necessary for human health and full-body vitality. Elevated milk and dairy products consumption can result in heart diseases due to saturated fatty acids content, especially through the mechanism of increased blood lipids and total cholesterol and/or low-density lipoproteins content [1]. In addition to its essential roles in human health, elevated human plasma cholesterol content may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis; a maximum intake of cholesterol of 300 mg per day for adults has been recommended by professional associations [4]. According to the recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias, published in 2019, the key initiating event in the atherogenesis is the retention of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other cholesterol-rich apolipoprotein containing lipoproteins within the arterial wall. It is recommended that very high-risk patients should achieve an LDL-C level of
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