Abstract
A method for the analysis of chlorotoluenes (CTs) in soil has been developed based on ultrasonic assisted extraction with a low volume of organic solvent and determination by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). A simultaneous clean-up on an alumina–anhydrous sodium sulphate mixture was carried out to remove soil interferences. However, an additional clean-up with graphitised carbon was needed for some very dirty samples. Several solvents were assayed and a mixture of ethyl acetate:hexane (80 : 20, v/v) was selected to carry out soil extractions. Recovery studies were performed at 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 and 0.02 ng g−1 fortification levels, and recoveries obtained for all the compounds and concentrations were higher than 81% with standard deviations fulfilling the requirements of the IUPAC. LODs from 0.7 to 5.2 ng kg−1 and LOQs from 2.2 to 17.5 ng kg−1 were achieved for the analysed compounds, being pentachlorotoluene the compound with the highest limits, followed by the monochlorinated toluenes. The proposed analytical method was applied to determine CT levels in agricultural and industrial soils. These compounds were found in all the industrial soils analysed and some CTs were present in agricultural soils at lower levels.
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