Abstract
□ Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) was used to study submerged fermentation of ethanol from jaggery using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the organism. The effect of CaCO3 as a mineral source for the fermentation process was studied and its activity was monitored. A 3 MeV proton beam obtained from a tandem type pelletron accelerator was used for the multielemental analysis to characterize the calcium uptake in fermentation process. Along with the characterization of Ca, K, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn were also identified in this fermentation process, which may be useful to interpret the various metabolic conditions and studying the impact of these elements. The rate of uptake of calcium by the organism was found to be highest at 14 mg/L supplementation, which was contributed to the final ethanol concentration of 57.8 g/L. A maximum uptake rate of 0.304 mg/L/hr was noticed for CaCO3 at 14 mg/L supplementation. The present work demonstrates the suitability of PIXE for the determination of various elements in fermentation processes.
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