Determination of bisphenols in food and its contact materials migration by magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS

Abstract

Bisphenols (BPs) pose a pervasive threat to human health due to their potential to leach from plastic packaging into food, thereby endangering the endocrine system. Given their low concentrations in complex samples, the development of a swift, efficient pretreatment method is imperative. In this study, a magnetic covalent organic framework (Fe3O4@TzDa) was synthesized via a layer-by-layer growth approach, utilized in rapid magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination BPs. This method exhibited remarkable sensitivity, detecting five BPs (BPS, BPF, BPA, BPB, and BPAF) at levels between 0.68 and 0.77 μg L−1. Fe3O4@TzDa nanocomposites maintained an extraction efficiency of approximately 98.0% over five cycles, ensuring robust and repeatable performance. Sample analysis, encompassing plastic bottled water, pear juice, mix juices, pop-top canned curry beef, and box-packed milk, yielded recoveries of 72.0%–114.0% (RSDs <7.5%, n = 5). Furthermore, BPs migration in sports cups and portable bottles was evaluated, revealing migration levels ranging from 0.0014 to 0.0058 mg kg−1. This study advances BP analysis by introducing a reliable method for their efficient determination in beverage samples from plastic food packages. The utilization of Fe3O4@TzDa underscores a pivotal advancement in sample preparation, enhancing both sensitivity and efficiency for the extraction and determination of BPs in food samples.