Abstract
In this study, a simple and fast procedure was developed and validated for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in paper products using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The method was used for the determination of BPA in thirteen types of paper products, including thermal receipt papers, lottery tickets, bus tickets, business cards, mailing envelopes, flyers, napkins, printing paper, food contact paper, kitchen rolls, toilet paper, newspapers, and magazines. BPA was found in 98% of thermal receipt papers (n = 341) at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 27.7 mg g−1 with a geometric mean of 14.6 mg g−1 and a median of 17.7 mg g−1. The detection rate for other paper products was 96%, with BPA concentrations ranging from below the LOQ to 379 µg g−1 and a median of 17.3 µg g−1. The estimated daily intake for the adjusted bodyweight of BPA (calculated at median concentrations) through dermal absorption from handling papers was 14.5 and 1070 ng day−1 for the general population and occupationally-exposed individuals, respectively. The proposed analytical method is simple, fast, and cost-effective for the determination of BPA in paper samples. Moreover, an estimated daily exposure of Brazilians to BPA through dermal absorption from handling different types of papers is shown.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highly produced chemicals globally in terms of volume, with over six billion pounds being produced every year worldwide.[1]
The approach we present here is based on constant energy synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (CESFS)
By using a wavelength offset of 85 nm, we demonstrate the feasibility of directly determining bisphenol A (BPA) in contaminated paper samples with no need for previous chromatographic separation
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highly produced chemicals globally in terms of volume, with over six billion pounds being produced every year worldwide.[1]. Epoxy resins are mainly used as a protective lining for canned foods and beverages.[2] Another important application of BPA is in the production of thermal papers. They have several commercial applications, including point of sale receipts, labels, and tickets.[2]. Other papers and paper products analyzed (n = 103) included flyers, magazines, newspapers, bus tickets, lottery tickets, mailing envelopes, food contact papers, business cards, printing paper, paper towels, paper napkins, and toilet paper These samples were collected mainly in São Paulo State, Brazil
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