Abstract
Tie rods are structural elements that transfer axial tensile loads and are typically used on walls, vaults, arches, and buttresses in historical buildings. To verify their load-bearing capacity and identify possible structural damage risks, the forces transferred by tie rods and the corresponding stresses must be determined. However, this is often a challenging task due to the lack of project documentation for historical buildings. Uncertainties like complex boundary conditions or unknown material and geometrical properties make it hard to assess the tie rods’ load level. This paper presents a methodology for the determination of axial forces in tie rods that combines on-site experimental research and a numerical model-updating technique. Along with the common approach based on a determination of the natural frequency of tie rods, this paper presents an approach based on tie rods’ mode shapes. Special emphasis is placed on the boundary conditions coefficient, which is a crucial parameter in the analytical solution for axial forces determination based on the conducted on-site experiments. The method is applied in a historical building case study.
Highlights
Displacements that occur with historical buildings can be arrested using metal beams, or tie rods, which support the masonry walls, buttresses, arches, and vaults in the plane of bending out.Tie rods are subjected to axial tension and are an essential element in the control of horizontal forces produced by static and dynamic loads related to seismic actions
As a part of stage 1 of the proposed methodology, dynamic properties of tie rods were experimentally observed by using the operational modal analysis (OMA) method
Tie rods are used in historical buildings to prevent horizontal displacement and resulting structural
Summary
Displacements that occur with historical buildings can be arrested using metal beams, or tie rods, which support the masonry walls, buttresses, arches, and vaults in the plane of bending out. Tie rods are subjected to axial tension and are an essential element in the control of horizontal forces (displacements) produced by static and dynamic loads related to seismic actions. A tie rod can reach its maximum bearing capacity due to high stress or the pulling out of its anchor point. Both scenarios can lead to a loss of structural integrity.
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