Abstract
Background and Aim:The classification of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs has been controversial as currently canine insulin-dependent DM is classified together with absolute insulin deficiency, non-insulin-dependent DM, and relative insulin deficiency. Studies on human autoantibodies evaluated in canines with DM, such as anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), anti-islet antigen 2 (IA2), and anti-zinc transporter isoform 8 (ZnT8), have been inconclusive. Thus, this study was designed to establish the serological profile of anti-GAD65, anti-IA2, and anti-ZnT8 antibodies in a group of dogs with and without DM.Materials and Methods:Sixty-one dogs, including 31 patients with DM (with and without insulin treatment) and 30 patients without DM (normal weight and obese), were included for determining autoantibodies using a human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection system for type 1 DM.Results:This study found the presence of anti-IA2 antibodies in 58% of the sample (18/31 patients with DM); however, the presence of anti-GAD65 was not detected, and anti-ZnT8 was found in 3 (9.6%) patients with DM.Conclusion:This study showed a higher positive frequency of anti-IA2 antibodies in a sample of canine with DM, indicating that alterations in the signaling vesicle tyrosine phosphatase 2 lead to lower insulin release and thus to an increase in patients’ glycemia. These preliminary results should be taken with caution and corroborated by a canine-specific assay when an ELISA is available for such determination.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with the participation of genetics and some environmental components
This study found the presence of anti-islet antigen 2 (IA2) antibodies in 58% of the sample (18/31 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)); the presence of anti-GAD65 was not detected, and anti-zinc transporter isoform 8 (ZnT8) was found in 3 (9.6%) patients with DM
This study showed a higher positive frequency of anti-IA2 antibodies in a sample of canine with DM, indicating that alterations in the signaling vesicle tyrosine phosphatase 2 lead to lower insulin release and to an increase in patients’ glycemia
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with the participation of genetics and some environmental components. The islets of Langerhans in humans and canines are different. Studies analyzing canine patients with DM have found the presence of polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex type 2, for the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) haplotype. The classification of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs has been controversial as currently canine insulin-dependent DM is classified together with absolute insulin deficiency, non-insulin-dependent DM, and relative insulin deficiency. Studies on human autoantibodies evaluated in canines with DM, such as anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), anti-islet antigen 2 (IA2), and anti-zinc transporter isoform 8 (ZnT8), have been inconclusive. This study was designed to establish the serological profile of anti-GAD65, anti-IA2, and anti-ZnT8 antibodies in a group of dogs with and without DM
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