Determination of atrazine using square wave voltammetry with the Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE)

Abstract

This paper presents the optimization of instrumental and solution parameters for determination of atrazine in river waters and formulation by square wave voltammetry (SWV) using a hanging mercury drop electrode. The best sensitivity (35.2±0.4 μA ml μg −1) was achieved using a frequency of 400 Hz and a medium composed of 40 mmol l −1 Britton–Robinson (BR) buffer at pH 1.9. The detection limit was 2 μg l −1 with a linear dynamic range between 10 and 250 μg l −1. Application of the method to real samples of river waters fortified with 10 μg l −1 of atrazine resulted recoveries between 92 and 116%. Additionally, good agreement was observed between results obtained by the proposed method and by HPLC for river water samples spiked with 25 μg l −1 of atrazine. The determination was not affected by the presence of humic acid at concentration of 5 mg l −1, indicating that interactions of the herbicide with this class of compounds are fully labile. The stability of the voltammetric signal for samples spiked with 250 μg l −1 atrazine was evaluated over a period of 14 days in four samples. For two samples, no systematic variation was observed, while for the other two, a decrease of peak current between 3 and 15% occurred, suggesting that the stability is dependent on the sample nature. HPLC analyses suggest formation of deethylatrazine during the second week of storage in the samples for which the SWV peak current had the more intense decrease.