Abstract
Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in the Russian Federation and abroad. The wide range of pharmacological activity of this medicinal plant is determined by carotenoids, flavonoids, saponins. These biologically active substances give total therapeutic effect of flowers of Calendula officinalis and medicines on base of pot marigold. This paper discusses the results of comparative investigations for a determination of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and aqueous- alcoholic extracts from pot marigold flowers. Detection of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried out by using the method of double serial dilutions in broth. The following microorganisms were used as test cultures: Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The study showed that the widest spectrum of antibacterial activity has water extract of pot marigold flowers. As for Pseudomonas aeruginosa the most active medicine is tincture (1:10) with 70% alcohol. As for Escherichia coli the only phytopharmaceutical – water extract of marigold flowers, reveals antimicrobial activity. Against Bacillus cereus the most effective properties was indicated for tincture (1:5) with 70% ethanol and the liquid extract (1:2) with 70% alcohol. In case of Candida albicans, tincture (1:10) with 70% alcohol exhibited the highest activity.
Highlights
Flavonoids are well known to have a significance in the forming the most important pharmacological effects of medicinal plants: antimicrobial, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, choleretic, spasmolitic activities [1, 2]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans were used as test cultures for the determining of the antimicrobial activity of the water and Calendula ethanol extracts
The infusion has antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli to 4 times dilutions, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus to 8 times dilution, and in relation to Candida albicans to 32 times dilution
Summary
Flavonoids are well known to have a significance in the forming the most important pharmacological effects of medicinal plants: antimicrobial, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, choleretic, spasmolitic activities [1, 2]. It has been found that water pot marigold extract exhibits expressed antibacterial activity against enteropathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei and Escherichia coli, at a concentration of 100 μg/ml [7]. The investigation of water, acetone and methanol extracts of fresh Calendula flowers against five bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed rather high antibacterial activity in the result of growth zone inhibition in the plate with agar inoculum [4]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans were used as test cultures for the determining of the antimicrobial activity of the water and Calendula ethanol extracts. For this aim this effect was determined on test cultures of microorganisms by double serial dilutions (positive control)
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