Determination of allergenic hydroperoxides in essential oils using gas chromatography with electron ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract

Fragrance monoterpenes are widely used commercially due to their pleasant scent. In previous studies, we have shown that air-exposed monoterpenes form hydroperoxides that are strong skin sensitizers. Methods for detection and quantification of the hydroperoxides in essential oils and scented products are thus desirable. Due to thermolability and low UV absorbance, this is a complicated task. We have recently developed a sensitive LC-ESI-MS method, but with limited structural information and separation efficiency for positional isomers and stereoisomers. In the present study, we investigated derivatization with a trimethyl silyl reagent and subsequent GC with electron ionization MS for the determination of monoterpene hydroperoxides. All investigated monoterpene hydroperoxides could be chromatographed as thermostable trimethyl silyl derivatives and yielded the fragment m/z 89 ([OSi(CH3)3](+)) at a higher extent compared to corresponding alcohols. Limonene-2-hydroperoxide and four other hydroperoxide isomers of limonene were separated and detected in sweet orange oil autoxidized for two months. The concentration of limonene-2-hydroperoxide isomers was found to be 19 μg/mg in total. Also isomers of linalyl acetate hydroperoxide and linalool hydroperoxide were detected in autoxidized petitgrain oil (two months). The presented GC-MS method showed concentrations in the same order as previous LC-MS/MS analysis of the same type of oils.