Abstract
In this study, magnetic graphene nanocomposite Fe3O4/rGO was synthesized by facile one-pot solvothermal method. The nanocomposite was successfully used as magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbents for the determination of aflatoxins in edible vegetable oils through the π–π stacking interactions. MSPE parameters including the amount of adsorbents, extraction and desorption time, washing conditions, and the type and volume of desorption solvent were optimized. Under optimal conditions, good linear relationships were achieved. Limits of detection of this method were as low as 0.02 µg/kg and 0.01 µg/kg for aflatoxin B1 and B2, respectively. Finally, the magnetic graphene nanocomposite was successfully applied to aflatoxin analysis in vegetable oils. The results indicated that the recoveries of the B-group aflatoxins ranged from 80.4% to 106.0%, whereas the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 8.1%. Owing to the simplicity, rapidity and efficiency, Fe3O4/rGO magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence with post-column photochemical derivatization (Fe3O4/rGO MSPE-HPLC-PCD-FLD) is a promising analytical method for routine and accurate determination of aflatoxins in lipid matrices.
Highlights
Edible vegetable oils have gained immense popularity over animal-based fats, which is attributed to their nutritional and health-promoting characteristic [1]
The synthesized ofadsorbent material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and
The synthesized adsorbent material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning
Summary
Edible vegetable oils have gained immense popularity over animal-based fats, which is attributed to their nutritional and health-promoting characteristic [1]. The secondary metabolites of those fungi are mainly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) and B2. (AFB2 ), which can cause carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, immune-suppressive and estrogenic effects that are harmful to the human health [2,3]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the world Health Organization (WHO) has classified AFB1 as carcinogenic to humans in 1993 [4]. To avoid hazardous symptoms to humans and animals, various countries have established specific regulations and prevention guidelines for aflatoxin management. The European Union has set strict standards for aflatoxins in groundnuts and other oilseed, in which the maximum levels (MLs) are
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