Determination of a Safe Target Zone for the Use of Endovenous Laser Therapy of the Small Saphenous Vein

Abstract

Background and Purpose This study was designed to determine a safe target distance (TD) from the saphenopopliteal junction (SPJ) to initiate endovenous laser therapy (EVLT). Methods A retrospective chart review was performed. Thirty-six limbs in 33 patients were treated with EVLT for small saphenous vein (SSV) incompetence. An 810-nm diode laser at 12W in the continuous mode was used. Clinical assessment was performed 1 week postoperatively and duplex scanning within 30 days. Results Mean vein diameter was 7.1 mm (max, 11 mm). The distance between the EVLT starting point and the SPJ ranged from 1.5 to 3.5 cm (mean, 2.19cm). Closure of the SSV was confirmed by completion ultrasonography in all cases. Twenty of 33 patients had 1 month follow-up scanning. None had SSV recanalization, deep venous thrombosis, adverse reactions to the laser, or clinical signs of nerve injury. Closure was noted 0.5–1 cm proximal to the initial target distance fiber location at the onset of EVLT ranging from 1 to 1.5 cm from the SPJ. Conclusion We propose a minimal 2 cm distance from the SPJ and a 2 cm radius of tumescent solution to counteract the perivenous effects of the laser energy. Anatomic morphology and these calculated distances determined by intraoperative ultrasound guidance are critical to the safe outcome of EVLT of the SSV.