Determination of 4-nonylphenol—part 2: Orthogonal array design as a chemometric method for the solid-phase microextraction of 4-nonylphenol in water

Abstract

Orthogonal array design (OAD) using two-level OA8(27) matrix was employed for the optimization of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) conditions for the determination of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in water. The parameters under consideration for the optimization of SPME conditions include: injector port temperature, initial oven temperature, desorption time, and pH. The effect of dissolved humic substances on the extraction efficiency of SPME for the determination of 4-NP was also investigated. The method is capable of parts per billion detection limit with a %RSD of 6.5%. Thus, the SPME approach is suitable for analytical determination of 4-NP in environmental water samples compared to conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) technique. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.