Abstract
Chitin Lignin nanoparticles (CN-NL), standalone and encapsulating glycyrrhetic acid (GA), were applied on novel substrates for textiles to obtain antibacterial, antioxidant properties. Their homogeneous application is an important parameter that can strongly influence the final performance of the investigated textiles for its cosmetic and medical use. In this paper, hyperspectral imaging techniques combined with chemometric tools were investigated to study the distribution and quantification of CN-NL/GA on chitosan and CN-NL on pullulan substrates. To do so, samples of chitosan and pullulan impregnated with CN-NL/GA and CN-NL were analysed through Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) and Visible-Near Infrared (VisNIR) hyperspectral cameras. Two different chemometric tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis have been applied, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square regression (PLSR) models. Promising results were obtained in the VisNIR range, which made it possible for us to visualize the CN-NL/GA compound on chitosan and CN-NL on pullulan substrates. Additionally, the PLSR model results had determination coefficient ( for calibration and cross-validation ( values of 0.983 and 0.857, respectively. Minimum values of root-mean-square error for calibration (RMSEC) and cross-validation (RMSECV) of CN-NL/GA were 0.333 and 0.993 g, respectively. The results demonstrate that hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics offers a powerful tool for studying the distribution on chitosan and pullulan substrates and to quantify the content of CN-NL/GA compounds on chitosan substrates.
Highlights
Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-Acetylglucosamine [1]
Evaluating the spectra of the chitosan and chitosan+Chitin Lignin nanoparticles (CN-NL)/glycyrrhetic acid (GA) complex provided by the Visible-Near Infrared (VisNIR) ranges (Figure 1b), similar trends could be observed in Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) range
The chitosan reference spectrum shows an intensity signal higher than the chitosan+chitin nanofibrils (CN)-NL/GA spectra in the range of 400–800 nm, which corresponds to the visible region that is widely used in spectroscopic techniques for pigment analysis [24]
Summary
Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-Acetylglucosamine [1]. It is a primary component of cell walls in fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods, and it is the most common biomass waste compound after cellulose. Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers rich in phenolic functional groups obtained from lignocellulosic biomass [2]. It has been reported in the literature that it can be produced as nanostructure and further complexed with CN nanofibrils. CN-NL has been studied as a carrier for glycyrrhetic acid (GA), a biomolecule with anti-inflammatory activity obtained from liquorice plants (Glycyrrhiza), as a model of bioactive molecule [3]
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