Determination and adjustment of drying parameters of Tunisian ceramic bodies

Abstract

This work deals with the mineralogical, physico-chemical and geotechnical analyses of representative Aptian clays in the north-east of Tunisia. X-ray diffraction reveals a predominance of illite (50–60 wt%) associated with kaolinite and interstratified illite/smectite. The accessory minerals detected in raw materials are quartz, calcite and Na–feldspar. The average amounts of silica, alumina and alkalis are 52, 20 and 3.5 wt%, respectively. The contents of lime and iron vary between 4 and 8 wt %. The plasticity test shows medium values of plasticity index (16–28 wt%). The linear drying shrinkage is weak (less than 0.99 wt%) which makes these clays suitable for fast drying. The firing shrinkage and expansion are limited. A lower firing and drying temperature allow significant energy savings. Currently, these clays are used in the industry for manufacturing earthenware tiles. For the optimum exploitation of the clay materials and improvement of production conditions, a mathematical formulationis established for the drying parameters. These models predict drying shrinkage (d), bending strength after drying (b) and residual moisture (r) from initial moisture (m) and pressing pressure (p).