Determinants of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Background/Aims: In chronic hemodialysis patients, we evaluated determinants of repetitive ventricular tachyarrhythmias which included late potentials and heart rate variability. Methods: We compared the presence of late potentials and heart rate variability obtained by ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG), findings of echocardiography, and laboratory data between patients with and those without ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B. Ambulatory ECG was recorded for 24 h from the beginning of hemodialysis. Heart rate variability was evaluated by the standard deviation of the normal RR interval (SDNN). Results: Thirty patients (17%) had ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B. They were older than patients without such arrhythmias (p = 0.0021). Left-ventricular wall motion score (2.0 ± 3.9 and 0.3 ± 1.2, respectively, p < 0.0001) and left-ventricular mass index (167 ± 59 and 140 ± 44 g/m², respectively, p = 0.0053) were larger in patients with ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B than in those without. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to select variables related to ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B from the following 8 candidate variables; age, sex, presence of ischemic heart disease, diabetic nephropathy as the primary renal disease, presence of late potentials, SDNN, left-ventricular wall motion score and left-ventricular mass index. Higher left-ventricular wall motion score (p < 0.0001), older age (p = 0.0022) and male sex (p = 0.0235) were the variables associated with ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B. Conclusion: In patients receiving hemodialysis, predominantly with chronic glomerulonephritis, ventricular arrhythmias of Lown class 4A or 4B were not associated with arrhythmogenic substrate revealed by late potentials or autonomic dysfunction assessed by heart rate variability. Left-ventricular wall motion abnormalities, age and sex were significant factors.