Abstract
Urban sprawl has been widely discussed in regard of its economic, political, social and environmental impacts. Consequently, several planning policies have been placed to stop—or at least restrain—sprawling development. However, most of these policies have not been successful at all as anti-sprawl policies partially address only a few determinants of a multifaceted phenomenon. This includes processes of extended suburbanisation, peri-urbanisation and transformation of fringe/belt areas of city-regions. Using as a case study the capital city of Chile—Santiago—thirteen determinants of urban sprawl are identified as interlinked at the point of defining Santiago's sprawling geography as a distinctive space that deserves planning and policy approaches in its own right. Unpacking these determinants and the policy context within which they operate is important to better inform the design and implementation of more comprehensive policy frameworks to manage urban sprawl and its impacts.
Highlights
Cities have emerged as keystones within global policies towards sustainable development
Despite the implementation of urban growth boundaries, urban sprawl remains an intractable predicament for spatial planning
This is partly attributed to the difficulties of planning instruments to control the determinants of urban sprawl within the policy context they are manifested
Summary
Cities have emerged as keystones within global policies towards sustainable development. Scale of urban expansion Transport and water supply Population growth Physical constraints (hills, bodies of water, etc.) Presence of water aquifers Suburban ideals (affordability, detached home, tranquillity) Desire of private property Proximity to nature/countryside Perceived urban ills (crime, low-quality schooling, others) Economic growth and industrialisation Income and employment growth Investments in infrastructure and motorisation (car-dependency) Rapid urbanisation Foreign investments Prices of agricultural lands / value of land for construction Taxation on developable lands / windfall gain Policies of growth control Locational policies (preference for outer developments) Preference for unregulated areas (e.g. conurbations) Discretionary decision-making (muddling through) Technocratic decision-making on political goals Flexible land-restriction Policies of land-use conversion Institutional fragmentation Asymmetrical urban–rural governance Policies over rural lands Accessibility to rural lands and natural assets Policies on windfall compensation Distribution of private lands dispersion of employment
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