Abstract
This study was undertaken to identify the socio-demographic determinants of quit attempts among smokers and smokeless tobacco users to identify correlates of tobacco cessation behaviour in India. This was a cross-sectional study for the outcome of quit attempts made by current tobacco users in last 12 months in twelve districts in two states. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) of socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, occupation, socio- economic status, community, area, type of family) and tobacco user status (smoker/smokeless). In the combined analysis, a smoker had higher predicted probability of attempting quitting (OR- 1.41,CI 1.14 -1.90), in comparison to a smokeless tobacco user and a tobacco user in the state of Gujarat was less likely to attempt quitting than a user in Andhra Pradesh (OR-0.60, CI 0.47-0.78). The probability of making a quit attempt was higher among tobacco users who were more educated (OR-1.40, CI 1.04-1.94), having a higher socio-economic status (SES) (OR-2.39, CI 1.54-3.69), and belonging to non-agricultural labourer occupational group (OR-1.90, CI 1.29-2.78). The effects were maintained even after adjusting for all other variables. In disaggregated analysis, findings were similar except in smokeless as a separate group, education level was not significantly associated with quit attempts and with lower odds (OR-0.91, CI 0.58-1.42). This is one of the first studies to provide useful insight into potential determinants for quit attempts of tobacco users in India including smokeless tobacco users, exploring the socio-demographic patterning of correlates of quit attempts.
Highlights
World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills 5.4 million people globally (WHO, 2008) and an estimated one million die in India every year (Jha et al, 2008)
In combined analysis of tobacco users, for outcome of quit attempts by tobacco users in last 12 months, the predicted probability of a quit attempt by a smoker was much higher odds ratios (ORs)-1.47 (CI 1.14-1.90), p=0.003, than a only smokeless tobacco user in univariable not show an influence of education which is similar to the logistic regression analysis
Our study found that higher sociouser in Gujarat was less likely to attempt quitting (adjusted economic status (SES) measured by monthly expenditure
Summary
World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills 5.4 million people globally (WHO, 2008) and an estimated one million die in India every year (Jha et al, 2008). Since most studies on predictors of tobacco cessation has been conducted in high income western populations of mostly cigarette smokers, there is an urgent need to conduct country specific tobacco control research in low to middle income countries (LMIC) like India with different socio-cultural context, norms, tobacco control policies and awareness levels to understand cessation behaviour and strengthen programmes for tobacco cessation to cut short the devastation brought by tobacco use(WHO, 1999). Against this background, this study was undertaken to map the socio-demographic correlates of quit attempts among smokers and smokeless tobacco users in India. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to provide useful insight into potential determinants for quit attempts of tobacco users in India including smokeless tobacco users, exploring the socio-demographic patterning of correlates of quit attempts
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