Determinants of the utilization of cancer screening among older adults in Saxony-Anhalt-What is the influence of health literacy?

Abstract

In order to preserve health and thus social participation, it is important for older people to make health-related decisions, such as those regarding the use of asecondary prevention service like cancer screening. National and international studies show that various predictors determine cancer screening participation. The aim of this study is to determine the cancer screening utilization of older people in astructurally weak region. In 2021, across-sectional study in each of two urban and rural communities in Saxony-Anhalt surveyed individuals aged 55years and older about determinants, reasons, and barriers to preventive service use (n = 954). Binary logistic regression analysis is used to analyze determinants of cancer screening use. Three quarters of the study population (76.6%) self-reported participating in acancer screening service at least once. The multivariable analyses demonstrate factors that influence the utilization of cancer screening. Age, partial knowledge on cancer screening, cancer screening as abenefit offered by astatutory health insurances' bonus program, experience with cancer in the immediate environment, thoughts about one's own health, and the feeling of security that participation gives are factors that significantly influence the use of cancer screening. Descriptively, the physician's recommendation is the strongest factor for participation. The analyses show that cancer screenings are generally well received by older people in Saxony-Anhalt, but participation in them is not related to health literacy. In keeping with the National Cancer Plan, older people should generally be supported in making an informed decision, for example, through target-group-specific physician education.