Abstract

Resume L'objectif ici de cette etude est de tester differentes hypotheses relatives aux approches de la microfinance (l’approche des institutionnalistes et celle des welfaristes) en fonction de determinants tels que l’efficience, le financement par capitaux propres, la taille ou encore, la portee sociale. Pour se faire, cette etude s’inscrit dans une demarche positiviste, adoptant une approche hypothetico-deductive. Nous nous sommes bases sur la theorie et l’analyse de travaux empiriques pour realiser notre etude afin d’expliquer et d’explorer les differents facteurs d’impact de la viabilite financiere dans le contexte Marocain. Nous nous attarderons essentiellement sur la variable de la viabilite financiere (mesuree par le ratio d’autosuffisance operationnelle), grâce a un modele lineaire sur un panel non cylindre de 9 associations marocaines de microcredit observees durant la periode 2003-2017. Les resultats obtenus montrent que la taille est l’element le plus determinant de l’autosuffisance operationnelle des associations de microcredit, suivi du cout par emprunteur (qui reflete la maitrise des charges de personnel par un bon management) et le ratio des capitaux propres comme source de financement. Nos resultats montrent egalement que le solde moyen par emprunteur, dont le coefficient est positif et statistiquement significatif, a une moindre influence sur la viabilite financiere des associations de microcredit. Par ailleurs, le nombre d’emprunteurs actifs a une influence faiblement negative et statistiquement significative sur l’autosuffisance operationnelle de celles-ci. Mots cles: Microfinance, viabilite financiere, capitaux propres, taille, Management et portee, Maroc. Abstract Our analysis is aimed at testing not only institutionalist microfinance approach but also, welfarist microfinance approach according to factors such as efficiency, ownership equity founding, size and outreach as well. Relying on theory and empirical analysis, it explores and explains the impact factors of financial sustainability in the straight line of positivist, hypothetical and deductive approaches and the Moroccan context. Using an unbalanced panel model, that study is focused on financial viability variable which is measured by the operational self-sufficiency ratio. The study period is from 2003 to 2017 and data are from nine Moroccan microcredit associations. Our results make difference between important and less important factors. The microcredit associations’ operational self-sufficiency important factors are successively size, cost per borrower and equity ratio. While the average balance per borrower, whose coefficient is positive and statistically significant, has a lesser influence on the financial viability of microcredit associations. In addition, number of active borrowers has both weak and negative influence on operational self-sufficiency. Keywords: Microfinance, Financial Viability, Equity, Size, Management and outreach, Morocco.

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