Abstract
Increasing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and associated health impacts warrant health-policy action. We assessed associations of socioeconomic and lifestyle variables with adolescents’ consumption of regular soda (RSD), sport (SD), and energy (ED) drinks. Cross-sectional study of 3930 Spanish adolescents (2089 girls, 1841 boys) aged 13–18 years). We compared frequency of consuming each SSB type (European Food Safety Authority questionnaire) with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (standardized questions). RSD, SD, and ED were consumed at least weekly by 72.7%, 32.3%, and 12.3% of participants, respectively, and more frequently (p < 0.001) by boys, compared to girls. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression showed inverse association between RSD, SD, and ED consumption and parental occupation-based socioeconomic status (p < 0.01). Daily smoking was associated (p < 0.001) with higher ED (OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.39–5.55) and RSD (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.56–2.97) consumptions. SD intake was associated inversely with smoking (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40–0.89, p = 0.012) and directly with physical activity (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.18–3.95, p < 0.001). School performance was lower among ED (OR 2.14, 95% CI, 1.37–3.35, p = 0.001) and RSD (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.24–2.64, p = 0.002) consumers, compared to SD. Maleness and low socioeconomic status predicted SSB consumption. Smoking and low school performance were associated with higher ED and RSD intakes.
Highlights
Less physically active, and less likely to smoke and to have low school performance than boys (Table 1). Both the frequency and amount of Sport drinks (SD), energy drinks (ED), and regular soda drinks (RSD) were higher in boys, compared to girls
The present study focused on three types of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, namely regular sodas, sport drinks, and energy drinks
Results of the present study showed that SSB consumption was more pronounced in adolescent boys than girls and was more embedded in families with low socioeconomic status than in their peers with higher socioeconomic status
Summary
The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is widespread in the child population [1]. This is of concern due to the associated adverse health outcomes observed in children and adolescents [2,3,4]. The high sugar content and absence of other essential nutrients in these beverages can substantially increase energy intake without contributing any additional significant dietary value. The consumption of these beverages worsens diet quality and is suspected to be one of the main drivers of the childhood obesity epidemic [4,5]
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