Abstract
SummarySugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with adverse health outcomes. Improved understanding of the determinants will inform effective interventions to reduce SSB consumption. A total of 46,876 papers were identified through searching eight electronic databases. Evidence from intervention (n = 13), prospective (n = 6) and cross‐sectional (n = 25) studies on correlates/determinants of SSB consumption was quality assessed and synthesized. Twelve correlates/determinants were associated with higher SSB consumption (child's preference for SSBs, TV viewing/screen time and snack consumption; parents' lower socioeconomic status, lower age, SSB consumption, formula milk feeding, early introduction of solids, using food as rewards, parental‐perceived barriers, attending out‐of‐home care and living near a fast food/convenience store). Five correlates/determinants were associated with lower SSB consumption (parental positive modelling, parents' married/co‐habiting, school nutrition policy, staff skills and supermarket nearby). There was equivocal evidence for child's age and knowledge, parental knowledge, skills, rules/restrictions and home SSB availability. Eight intervention studies targeted multi‐level (child, parents, childcare/preschool setting) determinants; four were effective. Four intervention studies targeted parental determinants; two were effective. One (effective) intervention targeted the preschool environment. There is consistent evidence to support potentially modifiable correlates/determinants of SSB consumption in young children acting at parental (modelling), child (TV viewing) and environmental (school policy) levels.
Highlights
Forty-three million children aged 0–5 years are obese or overweight worldwide, and the prevalence of obesity in children is estimated to rise from 4.2% in 1990 to 9.1% in 2020 [1]
No intervention studies reported on a mediation analysis to suggest that a change in any particular determinant was associated with change in Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption
We found that child-level correlates such as TV viewing, snack consumption and preference for SSBs were positively associated with SSB consumption
Summary
Forty-three million children aged 0–5 years are obese or overweight worldwide, and the prevalence of obesity in children is estimated to rise from 4.2% in 1990 to 9.1% in 2020 [1]. Measurement Programme for England, over a fifth of children (22.2%) aged 4–5 years were overweight or obese on school entry. In the final year of primary school, one in three children (33.3%) aged 10–11 years was obese or overweight [3]. A recent study in the United States reported that a child’s weight status is set by age 5 and tracks throughout childhood, as nearly half of children who became obese by the eighth grade were already overweight when they started school [10]
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