Abstract

BackgroundWorld Health Organization defined stillbirth as birth of fetus at 28 weeks or above gestation with a birth weight of ≥1000 g or body length of ≥35 cm. Majority of stillbirths occur in low and middle income nations. Efforts made in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child health are showing encouraging results, even though the magnitude didn't reach the expected level. Identification of determinants of stillbirth is quite substantial to apply further meaningful actions. ObjectiveTo assess the determinants of stillbirth in hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia. MethodInstitution based unmatched Case control study was conducted from March 01 to May 30/2019 among 342 women who gave birth in Fitche, Kuyu, Gundomeskel, and Muketurihospitals. Sample size was calculated by using Epi-info version 7.1.1 software package. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted. Variables having P-value ≤ 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were considered as statistically significant. ResultType of labor (AOR = 3.79, 95%CI = 1.53, 9.38), duration of labor (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.53, 8.33), mal-presentation (AOR = 3.45, 95%CI = 1.99, 9.8), preeclampsia/eclampsia (AOR = 4.58, 95%CI = 1.45, 14.48) and birth defect (AOR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.31, 7.1) were found to be the determinants of stillbirth. Conclusion and recommendationCauses of still birth in more than two third of the cases were identified. Type of labor, duration of labor, mal presentation, preeclampsia/eclampsia were identified as determinants of stillbirth from mothers’ side while birth defect was found to be determinant of stillbirth from fetal side. Heath care providers, policy makers, and other stakeholders, should focus on identified factors to combat problems associated with still birth.

Highlights

  • Stillbirth is defined as the death of baby in uterus before or during delivery

  • The current study aimed to identify determinants of stillbirth in hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia

  • Facility based Case-control study was undertaken from March 01 to May 30/2019 among women who gave birth in four hospitals (Fitche, Kuyu, Gundomeskel, and Muketuri) in North Shoa Zone, Oromia regional state

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Summary

Introduction

Stillbirth (fetal death) is defined as the death of baby in uterus before or during delivery. A study from Ethiopia showed the rate of stillbirth among women of child bearing age to be 25.5 per 1000 deliveries [3]. World Health Organization defined stillbirth as birth of fetus at 28 weeks or above gestation with a birth weight of 1000 g or body length of 35 cm. Result: Type of labor (AOR 1⁄4 3.79, 95%CI 1⁄4 1.53, 9.38), duration of labor (AOR 1⁄4 3.59, 95% CI 1⁄4 1.53, 8.33), mal-presentation (AOR 1⁄4 3.45, 95%CI 1⁄4 1.99, 9.8), preeclampsia/eclampsia (AOR 1⁄4 4.58, 95%CI 1⁄4 1.45, 14.48) and birth defect (AOR 1⁄4 3.05, 95%CI 1⁄4 1.31, 7.1) were found to be the determinants of stillbirth. Duration of labor, mal presentation, preeclampsia/eclampsia were identified as determinants of stillbirth from mothers’ side while birth defect was found to be determinant of stillbirth from fetal side. Policy makers, and other stakeholders, should focus on identified factors to combat problems associated with still birth

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