Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to clarify the relationship between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness in high school students in Tokyo, Japan. Method: The self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to 1073 high school junior students in Tokyo in Feb. 2017 (collection rate 94.5%). Final analysis subjects totaled 1011 boys and girls (94.2%). True/false questions on timing to wear condom for sex knowledge, acceptability to sexual behavior of high school students for sexual awareness, sense of community belonging for social capital, existence of sexually experienced peers, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale score (binarized with the mean value) were verified. Multiple logistic regression analysis assigning sexual awareness for dependent variable and sex knowledge, sexually experienced peers and Self-Esteem score for independent variable [model 1], including social capital for independent variable [model 2] was performed. The study was approved by Ethical Review Board of sub-organ. Results and Discussion: Out of subjects, 52.6% answered correctly questions on sex knowledge, 33.2% showed tolerance to sexual behavior of high school students, 68.6% had many peers with sex experience, and 75.9% had a sense of community belonging. In model 1, in both genders, having sex knowledge, high Self-Esteem score, and existence of sexually experienced peers was associated with a sense of intolerance to sexual behavior of high school students. In model 2, in both genders, having a sense of community belonging was associated with a sense of intolerance to sexual behavior of high school students [OR (95% CI): boy 1.11 (0.81 - 1.53), girl 1.14 (0.72 - 1.79)]. Persons with high cognitive social capital were likely to have a cautious sense toward sexual behavior. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital was found to be associated with sexual awareness. Cognitive social capital should be emphasized in promoting adolescent reproductive health for the future.
Highlights
Adolescent sexual behavior, in comparison to adults, is known to become high risk in future health issues such as infertility as consequence of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (UNFPA. 2013, WHO 2011) [1] [2]
Cognitive social capital was found to be associated with sexual awareness
We hypothesized that social capital has some influence on adolescent sexual awareness and behavior, and we have verified the hypothesis by conducting a series of questionnaire surveys since 2012
Summary
Adolescent sexual behavior, in comparison to adults, is known to become high risk in future health issues such as infertility as consequence of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (UNFPA. 2013, WHO 2011) [1] [2]. Social capital such as “sense of community belonging” and “neighborhood relationship” is considered an influence on individual behavior even in young people (Kawachi I, et al 2001) [5] From this perspective, we hypothesized that individual factors such as sex knowledge and self-esteem as previously recognized and social factors such as social capital were associated with adolescent sexual awareness and behavior, and we have verified and reported the association of sexual awareness and cognitive social capital through conducting questionnaire surveys to the eleventh grade high school students in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, where social changes and changes in young people’s lifestyles are drastic In Ho Chi Min City in Southern Vietnam far away from
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