Abstract
Providing residential solid waste collection (RSWC) services is the first and most indispensable part of residential solid waste management and is crucial for rural environment protection. This paper seeks to analyze the determinants of RSWC services’ provision at the village level, based on a latest survey data set of 150 villages in the Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone (PLEEZ) in Jiangxi Province. Using a Probit regression model and a Bivariate Probit regression model, our results indicated that: (1) The provision of RSWC services is not evenly distributed and richer villages have more RSWC services; (2) A showcasing phenomenon exists in the provision of RSWC services. Villages that are more populous, nearer to the township government, and located in the new countryside and old liberated areas saw an increase in the provision of RSWC facilities, services that will more easily showcase village leaders’ political achievement, while the provision of RSWC workers and both RSWC facilities and workers, services that will less easily showcase village leaders’ political achievement, do not increase in these villages; (3) Informal governance characteristics, such as the ratio of largest family clans, whether village leaders come from the village’s largest family clans, and the number of people working in the upper-level government have strong predictive power over the provision of RSWC services, while formal governance characteristics, such as elections, do not matter in RSWC services’ provision.
Highlights
Rural areas, which account for 90% of mainland China, are faced with serious environmental problems caused by the increase in residential solid waste (RSW) [1]
The pseudo-R2 values indicate that 27.82%, 28.76%, and 25.34% variation are included in the models for residential solid waste collection (RSWC) facilities, RSWC workers, and both RSWC facilities and workers, respectively
Based on the latest survey data set collected in Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone (PLEEZ) in Jiangxi Province, this paper seeks to understand the determinants of RSWC services provision at the village-level
Summary
Rural areas, which account for 90% of mainland China, are faced with serious environmental problems caused by the increase in residential solid waste (RSW) [1]. Most RSW in rural China was recycled onto agricultural land as organic fertilizer, and the environmental pollution from RSW was not serious [2]. It is estimated that the annual growth rate of RSW is about 8%–10% in rural China. In 2015, the officially estimated data showed that the total quantity of RSW in rural China is 150 million tons, which is 2.25 times the removal quantity of municipal solid waste; about half of RSW was discharged directly into environment [4]. In rural China, since the “Rural Tax Reform” in 2006, when village levies and direct fees were formally abolished, it is often the responsibility of villagers’
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