Abstract
Background It has been estimated that approximately 14% of maternal death has resulted due to pregnancy-induced hypertension. Evidence also suggests that pregnancy-induced hypertension may result in adverse maternal and child outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of pregnancy-induced hypertension among mothers attending antenatal and delivery services at public health hospitals in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods An institutionally based unmatched case-control study was conducted at three public hospitals. A total of 283 study participants were recruited for this study. Cases were selected consecutively as they were being diagnosed for pregnancy-induced hypertension, and two controls were selected for each case. Data were collected via the face-to-face interview technique using a pretested questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictor variables and produced odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association. Results The mean ± (SD) ages of cases and controls were 26.1 ± 5.4 and 26.1 ± 4.5 years, respectively. Being rural residents (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.09–4.65), illiterate (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.20–8.08), having the history of pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR: 6.62, 95% CI: 2.48–17.71), history of kidney disease (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.05–9.38), and family history of hypertension (AOR: 5.59, 95% CI: 2.73–11.45) were determinants that increased the odds of suffering from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. More importantly, eating vegetables and fruit reduces the odds of suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension by 77% (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06–0.79). Conclusion Being rural residents, illiterate, having a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and history of kidney disease, as well as the family history of hypertension were identified determinates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the study area. Furthermore, fruit and vegetable intakes were identified as protective factors for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention of this disorder are warranted to reduce adverse outcomes.
Highlights
It has been estimated that approximately 14% of maternal death has resulted due to pregnancy-induced hypertension
Mothers who live in the rural area were at a greater odd of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) as compared to mothers residing in urban areas (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.09–4.65)
Mothers who live in the rural area were at a greater odd of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension as compared to mothers who live in urban areas (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.09–4.65). is is consistent with the findings of earlier studies conducted in Jimma [19] and Tigray regions [13] of Ethiopia
Summary
It has been estimated that approximately 14% of maternal death has resulted due to pregnancy-induced hypertension. Being rural residents (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.09–4.65), illiterate (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.20–8.08), having the history of pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR: 6.62, 95% CI: 2.48–17.71), history of kidney disease (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.05–9.38), and family history of hypertension (AOR: 5.59, 95% CI: 2.73–11.45) were determinants that increased the odds of suffering from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Illiterate, having a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and history of kidney disease, as well as the family history of hypertension were identified determinates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the study area. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is the most common medical disorder of pregnancy that complicates 6–10% of pregnancies all around the world It is the second direct cause of maternal mortality globally [1]. In Ethiopia, the pooled prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension is 6.25% with a higher prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ of Ethiopia which is 10.3% [6]
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